Vol. 10, Special Issue 11 (2025)

India is especially vulnerable to climate change because of its varied climate zones and reliance on monsoonal rainfall. Extreme weather events like floods and droughts have become more frequent in recent decades due to major changes in the nation's rainfall patterns. The purpose of the study was to learn more about Salem's monsoonal dynamics and rainfall extremes. The Mecheri Sheep Research Station in Pottaneri, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India, recorded significant interannual variability in rainfall and a substantial monsoonal influence over a 41-year period (1983-2024). The annual rainfall totals showed extreme wet and dry years, peaking at almost 1417.4 mm in 2022 and falling as low as 593 mm in 2002. Although there isn't a clear long-term trend, extremes have become more common in recent decades. According to monthly data, January-February is still the driest time of year (~10-15 mm), while October-November (Northeast Monsoon) is the wettest (October ?150 mm). According to seasonal analysis, summer and winter contribute roughly 22% and 10% of the annual total, respectively, while the Southwest Monsoon (June-September) and Northeast Monsoon (October-December) contribute approximately 35% and 33%. These variations significantly impact the management of watersheds, underscoring the need for robust planning during droughts and high storage during rainy years.The frequency and variability of severe occurrences that have been recorded align with predictions of climate change, which point to longer dry spells and heavier monsoon rains. For the region's climate adaptation and sustainable water resource planning, it is imperative to comprehend these trends. The data in this study provide a scientific basis for planning that takes climate change into account. It calls on communities, water managers, and legislators to take proactive measures to guarantee ecological stability and water security for future generations.