A Holistic review of sustainable livestock management in India with special impetus on organic waste management
Author(s): Gurpreet Kour Tulla, Gaganjot Kour and Amandeep Singh
Abstract: The Indian livestock sector, underpinned by a vast and diverse population of millions of animals, is a critical pillar of the nation's agrarian economy, contributing significantly to farmer income and nutritional security. However, this sector faces a tripartite challenge: managing the environmental impact of massive organic waste generation, conserving its rich but vulnerable animal genetic resources, and bridging the knowledge gap among stakeholders to adopt sustainable practices. This review synthesizes evidence from multidisciplinary studies to present a comprehensive overview of these interconnected issues. It delves into the current livestock production statistics, highlighting the scale of waste generation and its profound impact on environmental contamination through air, water, and soil pollution. The paper explores traditional and smart waste management strategies, including composting and biogas production, and evaluates the role of digital technologies. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of India's diverse animal genetic resources and the role of epigenetics in animal productivity. The review also covers critical ancillary aspects such as the status of livestock insurance, biosecurity protocols, HACCP in food production, and the empowerment of farmers and women through livestock-based initiatives. A synergistic approach, combining climate-smart farming models, ICT-driven extension, supportive policies, and a focus on genetic upgradation and value addition of livestock produce, is imperative for ensuring the sustainability and economic viability of the Indian livestock sector.
