Vol. 9, Special Issue 1 (2024)

Author(s): Bashetti PN, Rohit Kurhe, Rajeshwar Khandare, Ashvini Bansod, Mukesh Namapalle, Amit Kshirsagar and Chaitrali Avhad

Abstract: This comprehensive review examines the multifaceted realm of chemical carcinogenesis, emphasizing the diverse types of chemical carcinogens, the intricate process of carcinogenesis, and the evolving methods for testing mutagenicity and carcinogenicity both in vitro and in vivo. Through an in-depth analysis, the review categorizes chemical carcinogens into various classes, encompassing environmental pollutants, industrial compounds, and dietary agents. Each class is scrutinized for its distinct mechanisms of carcinogenic action and potential health impacts. Furthermore, the review elucidates the stepwise progression of chemical carcinogenesis, from initiation, through promotion, to malignant transformation, elucidating the critical molecular events underlying tumor development. Innovative advancements in testing methodologies for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity are also explored, including sophisticated in vitro assays and animal models that enhance accuracy and efficiency in assessing the carcinogenic potential of chemicals. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of chemical carcinogenesis, from the identification of different types of chemical carcinogens to the elucidation of the underlying processes and the latest advancements in testing methodologies, thus contributing to the development of effective strategies for cancer prevention and intervention.