Vol. 10, Issue 8, Part C (2025)

Author(s): Pramod Sharma, Sunil Nayak, Ankur Khare, Rahul Sharma, Nirmala Muwel, Sanjay Shukla and Anil Kumar Giri

Abstract: The rising global demand for poultry meat, coupled with the scarcity of conventional protein sources like fishmeal, necessitates exploration of sustainable alternatives. This study reviews the potential of insect meals as a high-quality protein source for poultry nutrition. The objectives were to assess the nutritional composition, digestibility, and performance impacts of insect-based feeds in broilers and layers, while identifying potential barriers to their use. Data from various studies indicate that insect species such as the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), common housefly (Musca domestica), locusts, and silkworms provide crude protein levels ranging from 40–80%, superior amino acid profiles compared to plant proteins, and significant levels of essential micronutrients like calcium, iron, and zinc. Digestibility trials show high organic matter and protein utilization, with mealworms serving as viable soybean meal substitutes in broiler diets. Performance trials demonstrate improved weight gain and feed conversion ratios in broilers supplemented with housefly larvae meal, and comparable carcass traits with black soldier fly larvae inclusion. Layer studies report maintained egg quality with partial replacement of fishmeal by larvae meal. Insect farming is advantageous due to low production costs, short life cycles, high reproduction rates, and the ability to utilize organic waste, thereby enhancing sustainability. However, biological (microbial and viral) and chemical hazards (heavy metals, pesticide residues) present potential risks requiring mitigation through proper farming and processing practices. Overall, insect meals offer a promising, sustainable, and nutritionally adequate alternative protein source for poultry, with economic and environmental benefits. Further research is recommended to optimize inclusion levels, ensure biosafety, and standardize nutrient digestibility values for feed formulation.