Vol. 10, Issue 6, Part C (2025)

Author(s): Tushar Rajendra Bhosale, DK Kamble, SB Adangale, US Gaikwad and DR Birari

Abstract: Effective mitigation measures are necessary because enteric methane emissions from ruminant animals contribute significantly to global greenhouse gas (GHG) levels. This review explores the role of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) such as tannins and saponins plant secondary metabolites commonly found in tropical forages as promising natural additives for reducing enteric methane production. These compounds influence rumen fermentation by shifting microbial populations, suppressing protozoa, and promoting propionate over acetate and butyrate formation, thereby limiting hydrogen availability for methanogenesis. Experimental studies in goats, sheep, and dairy cows have demonstrated that dietary supplementation with tannin- and saponin-rich fodder can achieve methane emission reductions of 20-30% without negatively impacting dry matter intake or productivity. Additionally, these natural additives may contribute to improved nitrogen utilization and reduced environmental nitrogen losses. The strategic inclusion of such foliage-based feed components offers a cost-effective, sustainable approach to GHG mitigation in ruminant production systems, aligning with global climate goals while supporting livestock productivity.