Vol. 10, Issue 5, Part F (2025)

Author(s): Anaparthi Praneeth, Nanjala Veerabhadra Rao, Jogiparthi Venkata Sai and Mandli Veena

Abstract: Marine capture fisheries have historically provided vital food security, economic stability, and social cohesion for coastal communities worldwide. Despite this, the continued sustainability of these fisheries is increasingly endangered by human impacts, including overfishing, habitat degradation, pollution, destructive fishing practices, climate change, and Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. The complex interplay of these factors undermines marine ecosystems' ecological stability and economic viability. This paper examines the critical challenges facing marine capture fisheries, analyzes the anthropogenic environmental impacts on ocean health, and discusses the urgent need for science-based management and policy reforms. Strengthening sustainable fishing practices and implementing effective governance are essential to secure marine fisheries' long-term ecological and economic sustainability, safeguarding food security and livelihoods for future generations.