Abstract: Strategic crossbreeding in sheep production offers a powerful approach to enhance both meat and milk yields by harnessing genetic diversity and heterosis effects. The success of these programs relies on identifying and combining complementary traits from different breeds, such as combining the milk production potential of dairy breeds with the meat characteristics of terminal sires or the hardiness of indigenous breeds. Three main crossbreeding systems have demonstrated effectiveness-terminal systems for maximum production efficiency, rotational approaches for sustained hybrid vigor, and composite breeding for stabilized populations. Modern genetic technologies now allow for more precise implementation of these strategies through tools like genomic selection and molecular markers, enabling breeders to make more informed decisions about trait combinations.
The benefits of well-designed crossbreeding programs are substantial, typically showing 10-20% improvements in key production metrics like growth rates and milk yields compared to purebred animals. These gains are achieved through the synergistic effects of heterosis, which enhances traits like fertility, survivability, and feed efficiency beyond what could be achieved through pure line breeding. However, realizing these benefits requires careful program design that considers the specific production environment, market requirements, and available genetic resources. Sustainable implementation must balance short-term production gains with long-term genetic diversity preservation, while ensuring the resulting animals meet both farmer needs and consumer preferences.
