Vol. 10, Issue 5, Part C (2025)

Author(s): Vijay Kadam, Abhijit Barate, Tejas Shende, Vidya Nimbalkar, Gokul Sonawane, Mahesh Rangnekar and Sanjay Bhalerao

Abstract: Reproductive disorders in cattle and buffaloes are significant challenges to the livestock industry, causing substantial economic losses due to reduced fertility, increased veterinary costs, lowered milk and meat production. These disorders encompass a range of conditions, including hormonal imbalances, infections, metabolic disturbances, and structural abnormalities of the reproductive organs. In cattle, common issues such as anestrus, retained placenta, endometritis, cystic ovarian disease, and dystocia impact both the reproductive efficiency and health of the animals. Similarly, in buffaloes, reproductive challenges like silent estrus, uterine infections, and poor estrus synchronization are prevalent. Environmental factors, management practices, and genetic predispositions play critical roles in the occurrence and severity of these disorders. Early diagnosis, preventive health management, and advancements in reproductive technologies such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer are essential in mitigating these issues. This review aims to provide an overview of the key reproductive disorders affecting cattle and buffaloes, highlighting their economic impact, and suggest strategies for improving reproductive health management in these livestock species.