Vol. 10, Issue 4, Part D (2025)

Author(s): Praveen Kumar Gupta, Meenu Dubey, MK Gendley, Raina Doneria, RC Ramteke, Gudepu Roupesh, Sonali Prusty, Rakesh Sheel, Ashish Tiwari and Kshitij Dwivedi

Abstract: Proteomics involves the in-depth study of all proteins expressed within a cell, tissue, or organism. This field plays a vital role in advancing our knowledge of the complex biological systems that affect animal health and productivity. Through the examination of proteomes in tissues or bodily fluids, researchers can uncover important information about growth processes and the role of nutrients in supporting these mechanisms. Recent advancements in mass spectrometry have facilitated the creation of new methods for identifying biomarkers in various tissues and body fluids. A gel-based proteomics approach involves multiple steps, including preparation of sample, gel imaging, spot digestion, mass spectrometry analysis, and result searching in databases, data analysis, and archiving. Farm animals are primarily reared for products intended for direct consumption, such as meat, milk, and eggs, as well as for valuable by-products like leather and wool. One of the key aspects of animal development is the complex conversion of muscle tissue into meat. Proteomics has become a powerful tool in studying the biochemical processes and molecular mechanisms underlying this transformation and their effects on meat quality. In addition, proteomic approaches have been employed to analyze the milk proteome, uncover factors that influence milk production, evaluate milk quality, and detect bacterial infections. Moreover, animal welfare and stress levels significantly affect productivity not only in terms of quality and safety of the final products but also in shaping public perception and consumer trust. Proteomics plays crucial role in diagnosing metabolic disorders, such as ketosis, in farm animals. As the field of proteomics continues to evolve, it holds great potential for enhancing both the productivity and welfare of farm animals.