Vol. 10, Issue 3, Part A (2025)

Author(s): Kolangath SM, Upadhye SV, Pawshe MD, Shalini AS, VM Dhoot and Bhangale PK

Abstract: Tigers (Panthera tigris) and leopards (Panthera pardus) in India are highly vulnerable to endoparasitic infections, which impact their health, fitness, and survival both in the wild and in captivity. This study, conducted at the Wildlife Research & Training Centre in Gorewada, Nagpur, aimed to assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, focusing on Sarcocystis spp., among tigers and leopards in Maharashtra. A total of 12 tigers and 14 leopards presented to the center between 2021 and 2022 were screened for parasitic infections using fecal analysis by flotation methods. Results identified a range of parasitic infections, including Sarcocystis spp., Toxocara cati, Spirometra spp., and Diphyllobothrium spp., with Sarcocystis spp. detected in one tiger. Parasitic prevalence showed variation based on species, age, and sex, with a higher infection rate in female tigers compared to males. The most common parasites detected were nematodes and cestodes, known to cause gastrointestinal issues that can lead to malnutrition and, in severe cases, death. The study results align with findings from other global studies, highlighting that wild carnivores are often asymptomatic carriers of Sarcocystis spp. Nevertheless, infections may cause chronic health impacts, especially under stressful conditions, affecting an animal's fitness and reproductive success. This study underscores the importance of monitoring and managing parasitic infections to support the conservation of India’s endangered big cats.

DOI: 10.22271/veterinary.2025.v10.i3a.2107