Vol. 10, Issue 3, Part A (2025)

Author(s): SM Kolangath, SV Upadhye, VM Dhoot, MD Pawshe, Priyanka Mulmule, Shruti Patwa and Prabhu Nath Shukla

Abstract: Sarcoptic mange, caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, is an emerging global zoonosis that poses significant risks to wildlife conservation. This report documents the first known case of sarcoptic mange in a wild Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus) in India, along with its clinical management. Wild canids, such as the endangered wild dogs, face severe threats from habitat fragmentation, human encroachment, and disease transmission. In this case, a wild dog exhibiting extensive alopecia and pruritus was captured from the Pench Tiger Reserve in Maharashtra, India. Clinical examination revealed alopecia concentrated on the hindquarters, forelimbs, and tail, with skin scrapings confirming the presence of sarcoptic mites. Blood and faecal samples were collected to rule out other parasitic infections, which identified co-infections with Taenia spp., Toxocara spp., and Sarcocystis spp. The treatment protocol included weekly administration of Doramectin, combined with antihistamines, vitamin supplements, and topical antifungal agents. A second round of tests post-treatment showed significant improvement, with complete resolution of alopecia by day 21. Sarcoptic mange has been implicated in population declines of endangered species across the world. However, data from India, particularly concerning wild dogs, is limited. The disease disrupts pack dynamics and poses challenges for treatment in free-ranging populations. This case highlights the critical need for improved disease surveillance, veterinary infrastructure, and timely intervention strategies to mitigate the effects of sarcoptic mange in endangered species. Enhanced research, coupled with conservation efforts, is essential to safeguard the remaining populations of wild dogs and ensure their long-term survival. The findings underline the importance of addressing wildlife diseases in conservation planning, especially in regions where endangered species live at the interface of human activities and natural habitats. The study calls for a holistic approach involving wildlife veterinarians, conservationists, and policymakers to address the broader implications of disease management in wildlife population.

DOI: 10.22271/veterinary.2025.v10.i3a.2101