Vol. 10, Issue 2, Part C (2025)

Background: The endocrine system is an essential feature of the pituitary gland, which controls various hormonal activities. Disturbances in development-associated thyroid and growth hormones may lead to significant alterations in morphology of the pituitary thus changing the neurobehaviour of physiology.

Materials and Methods: This research employed fifty immature male rats which were separated into control, GH deficiency (GHD), GH supplementation, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism groups. The rats underwent hormonal treatments over 21 days during which time changes in the pituitary gland by histopathology and neurobehaviour change evaluated through open field and negative geotaxis tests.

Results: Histological examination indicated a hypercellular pituitary in GHD rats with enlarged acini, conserved reticulin network and focal regions of hyperplasia. Hyperthyroidism was associated with densely granulated cytoplasm and diffuses hyperplasia. In terms of neurobehaviour, both the GHD and Hyperthyroid groups demonstrated decreased movement, as opposed to heightened activity levels following GH supplementation. Negative geotaxis varied considerably across groups thus reflecting hormonal influences on sensorimotor functions.

Conclusion: This work reveals more about the important influences of thyroid and growth hormone disruptions on pituitary form and rat activities, highlighting the organ’s flexibility and essential controlling function in childhood.