Pulmonary function testing in veterinary practice
Author(s): David Karunyakaran H
Abstract: Pulmonary function testing (PFT) comprises a group of objective diagnostic techniques used to evaluate respiratory mechanics and gas exchange, playing an increasingly important role in veterinary clinical practice. These tests provide quantitative assessment of lung function, aiding in the diagnosis, localization, and monitoring of respiratory disorders in small animals. This review outlines the principles, indications, and clinical applications of commonly used pulmonary function tests, including spirometry, tidal breathing flow-volume loops, lung compliance and resistance measurements, whole-body plethysmography, forced oscillation technique, and tests of pulmonary gas exchange such as arterial blood gas analysis, diffusing capacity, pulse oximetry, and capnography. Emphasis is placed on their utility in assessing obstructive and restrictive airway diseases, peri-anaesthetic respiratory function, and therapeutic responses. While many techniques are non-invasive and safe, appropriate patient selection and awareness of contraindications are essential for reliable results. Advances in equipment and testing protocols have improved the feasibility of performing these tests in conscious animals, enhancing their clinical relevance. Pulmonary function testing offers valuable insights into respiratory physiology and disease severity, supporting evidence-based diagnosis and optimized management of respiratory conditions in veterinary patients.
