Effective management of eclampsia in bitches – A veterinary emergency
Author(s): VVV Amruth Kumar and K Shivani
Abstract: Eclampsia, or puerperal tetany, is a serious and potentially fatal disorder of lactating bitches characterized by acute hypocalcaemia. A group of six lactating bitches of small breeds aged between 1.5 and 3 years and weighing 4–6 kg were presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, with clinical signs, including markedly elevated body temperature (106°F to 109°F), lateral recumbency (33.3%), respiratory distress (50%), tachycardia (66.6%), excessive panting (33.3%), muscular tremors (100%), and jaw chattering (100%). Serum biochemical analysis revealed significantly reduced calcium levels having a mean value of 4.55mg/dl, confirming postpartum eclampsia. Diagnosis was established based on history, characteristic clinical signs, and laboratory findings. Treatment included slow intravenous administration of 10% calcium gluconate at 0.5 ml/kg body weight, along with Dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg), Paracetamol (10 mg/kg) (The Latest in Pain Management - WSAVA2013 – VIN), and Dextrose normal saline (10 ml/kg) as supportive therapy. Following treatment, all bitches exhibited a rapid return to normal body temperature (100–101°F) and complete resolution of clinical symptoms. This case series highlights the importance of early detection and immediate therapeutic intervention in managing postpartum hypocalcaemia, especially in small-breed dogs, to prevent life-threatening complications and ensure successful recovery.
