Nanotechnology meets immunology: The future of targeted drug delivery
Author(s): Purushotham RV, Sameer Shrivastava, Prarthana R, Sabapathi N, Nithesh HM and Prashanth MR
Abstract: Nanotechnology has fundamentally transformed modern medicine, leading to the emergence of Nanomedicine, which utilizes matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nm) to achieve enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems represent a major advancement by offering tunable properties for precision targeting of diseased cells, thereby overcoming the limitations of conventional therapies, such as poor bioavailability and significant adverse side effects. Nanomedicine plays a pivotal role in diagnostics, regenerative medicine, and targeted therapy, ensuring therapeutic agents selectively accumulate at pathological sites. Notable breakthroughs include lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines and the development of theranostics, which combine diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. Despite this immense promise, the field faces persistent challenges regarding large-scale production, biosafety, and regulatory standardization. Future success hinges on the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Nanoinformatics, which promises to revolutionize personalized nanomedicine by accelerating design, optimizing formulations, and predicting complex biological interactions. This article reviews the historical evolution, recent developments, and transformative impact of various nanoparticle platforms, solidifying nanomedicine's position as a cornerstone of future personalized and precision healthcare.
