Vital, hematological, and biochemical alterations in dogs naturally infected with canine parvovirus enteritis at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
Author(s): Peter Charles Mshelia, Nicholas Nathaniel Pilau and Denthe Danladi Haruna
Abstract:
Canine Parvovirus Enteritis (CPVE) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease of dogs, characterized by severe gastroenteritis and systemic complications. This study aimed to determine the mean and standard deviation of selected vital, hematological, and biochemical parameters in dogs naturally infected with CPVE presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria. Eighty (80) dogs confirmed positive for CPVE using the Sensepert CPV Ag rapid test kit were evaluated upon admission. Vital parameters (pulse rate, respiratory rate, temperature), hematological indices (packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count [RBC], hemoglobin [Hb], mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin [MCH], mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count, total and differential white blood cell counts), and biochemical parameters (electrolytes, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and glucose) were analyzed. Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation. Mean pulse rate, respiratory rate, and temperature were 118±19.1 beats/min, 42±11.0 breaths/min, and 39.3±0.8°C, respectively. The dogs showed anemia (PCV 26.8±4.9%, Hb 7.8±1.6 g/dL, RBC 4.3±0.8 ×10?/µL). Biochemical results indicated hyponatremia (Na? 129.3±11.2 mmol/L), hypochloremia (Cl? 91.5±10.2 mmol/L), metabolic acidosis (HCO?? 20.9±6.1 mmol/L), azotemia (urea 45.9±13.9 mg/dL, creatinine 2.1±0.5 mg/dL), hypoproteinemia (TP 4.7±0.9 g/dL; albumin 1.9±0.5 g/dL), and hypoglycemia (47.4±19.3 mg/dL). Dogs infected with CPVE exhibited marked hematological and biochemical derangements indicative of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and metabolic dysfunction. Routine monitoring of these parameters upon admission may serve as a valuable prognostic tool for improving survival outcomes in affected dogs.
