Effects of cardiovascular drugs on cardiac physiology in rabbits: A comprehensive review of experimental studies
Author(s): Mohammed Hayder Asker
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, driving the continuous search for effective pharmacological strategies. Experimental animal models are essential for elucidating drug actions on cardiac physiology, bridging preclinical research and human application. Among these, the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has become a translationally relevant species due to its electrophysiological and metabolic similarities to humans. This comprehensive review synthesizes experimental findings on how major cardiovascular drug classes ?-adrenergic blockers, calcium-channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), nitrates, statins, and diuretics affect cardiac physiology in rabbits. Evidence from in vivo and ex vivo models demonstrates consistent modulation of heart rate, contractility, oxidative stress, and myocardial remodeling. Molecular and histological studies reveal that these agents influence apoptosis, fibrosis, and mitochondrial integrity, highlighting complex cardioprotective mechanisms beyond their primary hemodynamic actions. Despite interspecies differences in pharmacokinetics and enzyme profiles, the rabbit model remains indispensable for preclinical cardiovascular pharmacology. Future studies integrating molecular imaging, omics platforms, and chronic exposure protocols will further enhance translational predictability and therapeutic relevance.
