Vol. 10, Issue 10, Part C (2025)

Poultry farming is a significant sector in the agricultural industry, providing a vital source of protein for human consumption. However, the industry faces challenges from various viral diseases that can lead to significant economic losses and impact food security. In spite of Vaccination, Viral diseases include Avian Influenza (AI), Infectious bronchitis (IB), Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), Newcastle disease (ND) and bacterial diseases such as Necrotic enteritis (NE) and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), and other diseases are common over the world. Understanding the mechanisms of viral entry and replication in avian cells is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat these diseases. Central to this understanding are the receptors present on avian cells, which play a pivotal role in the recognition and binding of viral pathogens. The identification and characterization of viral antigens associated with poultry viral diseases are critical for the development of effective vaccines and diagnostic tools. Understanding these antigens enables researchers to design targeted immunization strategies, improve disease management, and enhance the overall health of poultry populations. As the poultry industry continues to evolve, ongoing research into viral antigens and their interactions with the host immune system will be essential for combating viral diseases and ensuring food security. This study explores the crucial receptors in poultry that are significantly associated with various diseases by fetching previous studies in which (Sialic Acid Receptor, chCD44, specific cellular receptor(s) with viral envelope glycoprotein,, sialoglycoconjugates, Purinergic Receptors (PRs), Toll-Like Receptors (TLR1A), Sialic Acid Receptor, C-type lectin receptor, dectin-1, host glycosaminoglycans (GAGs),A family of variable lipoproteins (VlhA), cytadhesin molecule GapA and other cytadherence-related molecules such as CrmA extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, Tva Receptor, Tvj Receptor glycoproteins (gB, gD, and gC) Receptor) are identified to be upregulated during infections with those diseases, also detecting common viral diseases using Rapid test and unveil the expression of P53 in identified diseases in broilers farms using spectrophotometry quantification procedure. Because of their roles in immune response, and potential applications in disease resistance and vaccine development. The analysis is based on the most recent and reliable scientific literature available. Quantitative analysis of p53 expression revealed a significant upregulation across all experimental groups relative to the control. The control group exhibited minimal basal levels of p53, whereas the IBD group demonstrated a moderate increase. Notably, the ND and IB groups showed marked elevations in p53 concentration, which were statistically significant (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). The AI group displayed the highest expression level, with a highly significant difference compared to the control (p<0.001). The progressive increase in p53 expression among the disease groups suggests a correlation between disease severity and activation of p53-dependent cellular stress responses.