Vol. 9, Issue 6, Part F (2024)

Author(s): Akshaya P, Kumaravel V and Vasanthakumar P

Abstract: Poultry farming significantly contributes to the Indian agricultural sector, accounting for 8.5% of agricultural GDP and producing over 122 billion eggs annually. The industry faces severe challenges due to seasonal stress, particularly in Indian tropical climates. High ambient temperatures during summer can reduce feed intake by 20-30%, egg production by 25-35% and shell quality by 15-20%, with increased incidence of cracked eggs further exacerbating economic losses. This review highlights the physiological and production impacts of heat and cold stress on layer chickens, focusing on eggshell quality. Nutritional interventions, such as increasing dietary calcium levels by 4.5-5% and supplementing vitamin D₃, improve shell quality and egg production during heat stress. Additionally, environmental strategies such as ventilation systems that lower house temperature by 5-7°C, reduce mortality by 10-15% and enhance productivity. Region-specific, low-cost innovations and smart-housing technologies are vital for strengthening the sustainability and resilience of the Indian poultry sector amidst climatic challenges.

DOI: 10.22271/veterinary.2024.v9.i6f.1899