Abstract: This case report discusses the surgical management of a ten-year-old female dog diagnosed with the cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex. CEH-pyometra is a progesterone-driven uterine disorder primarily affecting older intact bitches, resulting from hormonal imbalances during the luteal phase, which create a favorable environment for bacterial growth and subsequent infection, most commonly due to
Escherichia coli. The dog presented with clinical signs including anorexia, vomiting, and vaginal discharge. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension and elevated body temperature, indicative of potential uterine enlargement and systemic infection. Ultrasonography confirmed significant fluid accumulation in the uterus, consistent with pyometra.
Pre-anesthetic evaluation ensured stabilization through intravenous fluid therapy, while specific anesthetic protocols were implemented to mitigate risks associated with the patient's compromised state. The surgical procedure involved a ventral midline incision to access the uterus, which was found to be severely distended and herniated. An ovariohysterectomy was performed, alongside a kelotomy to address the herniated uterine horn. The excised tissue weighed approximately 3.4 kg, with around 3 liters of pus, underscoring the severity of the condition. Post-operative care included antiseptic dressing, fluid therapy, and a course of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications, resulting in a successful recovery. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of CEH-pyometra complex. This case highlights the importance of prompt surgical intervention in managing advanced cases of pyometra, the necessity of supportive care, and the potential need for alternative management strategies in breeding females.