Vol. 9, Issue 5, Part G (2024)

Author(s): G Abimanyu, K Vijayakaran, A Latchumikanthan, R Velusamy, DT Kaarthick, R Lakshmi and A Vijayarajan

Abstract: This case report documents an unusual presentation of cerebral theileriosis, commonly known as "turning sickness," in a two-year-old non-descript goat with concurrent gastrointestinal parasitism. The animal exhibited atypical clinical signs including anorexia, labored breathing, an arched and extended neck, and unidirectional head turning, alongside severe respiratory distress and blindness. Laboratory analysis confirmed intraerythrocytic Theileria spp. and multiple gastrointestinal parasites (Strongyles, Amphistomes, and Trichuris spp.). Hematological and biochemical evaluations revealed severe anemia, leukocytosis, hypoproteinemia, and hypoglycemia, consistent with both parasitic infections. Despite treatment for suspected polioencephalomalacia, the animal succumbed to the condition, highlighting the grave prognosis associated with cerebral theileriosis. This report represents one of the first documented cases of cerebral theileriosis in goats and underscores the significance of concurrent parasitic infections in exacerbating clinical outcomes. The findings open new avenues for research into the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of this rare and fatal form of theileriosis in small ruminants.