Vol. 9, Issue 5, Part A (2024)

Author(s): Anjali Arya, PM Lunagariya, RJ Modi and YG Patel

Abstract: The rumen is a complex anaerobic ecosystem where microorganisms, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, digest nutrients, producing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and microbial biomass, which are utilized by ruminants. This symbiotic relationship facilitates the conversion of fibrous diets into meat, milk, and fibers. Environmental factors such as temperature (39 to 41 °C), pH (5.5 to 7.0), and osmotic pressure (250 to 400 mOsm/kg) are essential for maintaining microbial populations and their digestive activities. Carbohydrate fermentation in the rumen yields VFAs-acetate, propionate, and butyrate-that serve as crucial energy sources, while protein digestion involves microbial synthesis of amino acids, and fats provide additional energy and essential fatty acids, ensuring efficient nutrient utilization and supporting ruminant health and productivity.

DOI: 10.22271/veterinary.2024.v9.i5a.1639