Vol. 9, Issue 4, Part B (2024)

Author(s): Gurwinder Singh, Sikh Tejinder Singh, Jasmeet Singh Khosa and Ashwani Kumar Sharma

Abstract: The present research included 50 dogs, regardless of their age, gender and breed. All these dogs exhibited signs of azotaemia such as vomiting, inappetence or anorexia, increased urination and thirst, melena, halitosis, etc. Each dog underwent a thorough clinical evaluation, as well as haematological, biochemical, and urinalysis examinations. Radiographic assessments were conducted on 23 dogs, while ultrasonographic evaluations were performed on 34 dogs. The ultrasonographic scans revealed structural abnormalities, leading to the identification of various renal conditions associated with chronic renal failure (CRF) in the majority of the dogs. The major ultrasonographic characteristics in these conditions included hyperechoic renal cortex, loss of corticomedullary demarcation in the case of "end-stage" kidneys, cortical thickening, nephritis, small sized kidneys, hyperechoic mineralized structures with shadowing in nephrolithiasis, diffuse small multiple hyperechoic structures in the renal parenchyma with distal acoustic shadowing in nephrocalcinosis, and small spherical intercortical anechoic fluid-filled structures in the case of renal cysts. In this study, ultrasound proved to be a rapid, convenient, and sensitive method for detecting changes in renal size and parenchymal architecture. All dogs diagnosed with CRF received conservative medical treatment to manage clinical signs of uremia, maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid/base balance, provide adequate nutrition, and minimize the progression of renal failure.