Vol. 9, Issue 2, Part M (2024)

Author(s): Gajendra Singh, Harish Kumar, Samuel Ninan, Suhani Patro, Yash Yadav, Yashika Pandey and Himanshu Jadhav

Abstract: This research paper presents a comparative analysis of the humerus bone between two bovine species, Ox and Nilgai, focusing on the proximal extremity, head, distal extremity, and shaft. Biometrical measurements were conducted to gain insights into the anatomical differences and potential functional adaptations between the two species. The proximal extremity revealed significant variations in the humerus head shape, neck development, and lateral tuberosity between Ox and Nilgai. The head region displayed differences in transverse and vertical diameters, potentially influencing joint articulation and mobility. Moreover, circumference and bicipital groove analyses provided further distinctions in structural robustness and muscle attachment points. In the distal extremity, differences in condyles, epiphyses, and muscle attachment sites indicated adaptations related to locomotion behaviors. The shaft analysis revealed variations in length, circumference, and deltoid tuberosity position, reflecting potential functional differences. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the anatomical adaptations and evolutionary history of Ox and Nilgai, contributing to our understanding of bovine species' functional morphology.