Vol. 9, Issue 2, Part K (2024)

Author(s): Dr. Debasish Behera, Ashabaree Samal, Anjan Kumar Sahoo, Harshit Verma and Nibash Debbarma

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious, economically devastating and wasting disease of both man and animal and is primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. Apart from that, few other bacteria under the genus mycobacteria are also found to be responsible for TB disease. Mycobacterium tuberculosis secretes a number of proteins and they help the bacteria a virulence factor to continue in host body and also to evade the host immunity. M. tuberculosis culture filtrate is also considered as important source of antigens and responsible for inducing protective immunity and immune responses and therefore, they possess significant diagnostic potential. M. bovis and M. tuberculosis both are found to be genetically similar but both of them show different susceptibility towards host in order to establish the infection. The recombinant rMPT63-MPT83 fusion protein showed strong reaction when they come in contact with anti-rMPT63 and anti-rMPT83 in the serological assays. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is being induced against the purified protein derivative (PPD) is used for the detection of TB in humans and animals and is assessed on the basis of the concentration of gamma interferon (IFN) produced in response to stimulation with PPD. The monoclonal antibodies raised against the heat shock protein (HSP) of 65-kDa can be used as a diagnostic with high specificity. The M. tuberculosis complex shows not as much of inter-strain genetic diversity and nucleotide changes like point mutation are infrequent and therefore, it is promising in terms of immunity and vaccine development. Few studies established that, few secretory protein antigens, and lipoprotein induce interleukin (IL)-12 at increased rate from the macrophages and therefore they act as immune-modulator and also take part in suppression of antigen-presentation signaling pathways. Taking in to account of above context, the present studies and overview are highlighted on the M. tuberculosis derived recombinant proteins and their diagnostic potentials as future diagnostic methods. The high sensitive and specificity diagnostic tests for early diagnosis are the considered as best possible way of eradication of TB from the population of man and animals.

DOI: 10.22271/veterinary.2024.v9.i2k.1321