Vol. 9, Issue 1, Part T (2024)

Author(s): Bashetti PN, Chaitrali Avhad, Amit Kshirsagar, Rajeshwar Khandare, Rohit Kurhe, Mukesh Namapalle and Ashvini Bansod

Abstract: This review article provides a comprehensive overview of Nipah virus (NiV) outbreaks in India, focusing on epidemiology, strains, the One Health approach, and pathology. NiV outbreaks in India have highlighted the virus's significant public health impact, with fruit bats serving as natural reservoirs. The epidemiology section discusses the patterns of NiV transmission, risk factors for outbreaks, and surveillance strategies employed for early detection. Furthermore, the article delves into the genomic diversity of NiV strains, emphasizing the emergence of distinct strains and their implications for outbreak management. The One Health approach underscores the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health in combating NiV outbreaks, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, surveillance, and risk mitigation strategies. Additionally, the review examines the pathological manifestations of NiV infection, detailing the impact on respiratory and central nervous system tissues. Insights from this review inform future research directions and public health interventions aimed at preventing and controlling NiV outbreaks in India and beyond.