Vol. 9, Issue 1, Part L (2024)

Author(s): Anjul Verma, Randhir Singh, Shobha Jawre, Asad Khan, Naveen Namdev, Shashank Vishvakarma and Anshita Sinha

Abstract: The prostate in male dogs is a bilobed gland with glandular and stromal components. It is an androgen-dependent organ, it surrounds the urethra, plays a crucial role in ejaculation. Prostatic fluid secretion is continuous, and its volume varies with prostate size. Prostatic anatomy evolves with age, with symptoms of prostatic diseases, such as prostatitis, prostatic cysts, abscesses, and neoplasia, becoming more common in intact males over six years. We attempted to condense significant prostatic affections in dogs in this review, paying particular attention to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Understanding the canine prostate's clinical symptoms and anatomy is vital for accurate diagnosis. Prostatic diseases often present overlapping signs, complicating diagnosis. Various diagnostic tests, including physical exams, imaging, and fluid analysis, aid in precise diagnosis. Traditional and advanced treatments exist, with antibiotics, surgery, and castration being common approaches. Specific prostatic diseases, such as prostatitis, prostatic cysts, abscesses, and neoplasia, present distinct challenges. Acute prostatitis is associated with systemic symptoms, while chronic cases may lack overt signs. Prostatic cysts can be diagnosed via ultrasound, with treatment options including surgery and ultrasound-guided drainage. Prostatic abscessation results from chronic prostatitis and requires drainage, antibiotics, and castration. Prostatic neoplasia, though uncommon, poses diagnostic challenges, with treatment options limited and survival rates generally low. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a common age-related condition in intact males. Large breeds are more susceptible, with finasteride being a common medical therapy, effectively reducing prostatic size. Castration is the definitive treatment, causing a significant reduction in the prostate's size. Accurate diagnosis involves physical examinations, imaging, and fluid analysis. Prostatic radiography and ultrasonography aid in visualization, while prostatic fluid evaluation, massage, and biopsy provide valuable diagnostic information. Medicinal therapies, including finasteride and medroxyprogesterone acetate, aim to manage BPH symptoms. Surgical options, such as castration and subtotal prostatectomy, offer effective long-term solutions.