Vol. 3, Issue 6, Part A (2018)

Author(s): Meseret Mulu, Nibret Moges and Mamo Adane

Abstract: The objective of this paper mainly aimed to review the AI and its advantage over natural breeding. Artificial insemination (AI) with semen collected from genetically superior sires is the most efficient and economical method for the genetic improvement of economically important traits in the beef industry. Semen used for artificial insemination is collected by using artificial vagina, electro-ejaculation, or massaging ampullae of the ductus difference through rectal wall. The objective of this paper is to review bull fertility assessment, semen collection, evaluation, processing, and insemination techniques in cow, and oestrus detection of cow and to review the advantages and disadvantages of AI as compared to Natural breeding. Once the semen is collected the semen is evaluated for its appearance, volume, motility, concentration, morphology, by macroscopic and microscopic tests. Semen is diluted to increase its volume and its lifespan of spermatozoa under cooling, freezing and ambient temperature preservation with potential for its use in distance future. The success of artificial insemination depends on placing of sufficient numbers of viable spermatozoa in the proper site at the optimum time relative to ovulation and sterile technique. Many infectious agents can be transmitted through semen. As AI is economically important, reproductive technology, it must be applied widely to increase reproduction efficiency.